Here is a good paragraph on this issue I found on the web:
https://www.reddit.com/r/PowerBI/comments/9m0b49/dax_refer_to_previous_row_of_same_column/
Alternatively, and arguably a better approach, you may use Power Query before your data hits the DAX engine. Power Query bypasses the issue with DAX (discussed in the next two paragraphs) in multiple ways - the most elegant (although advanced - there's simpler methods) would List.Accumulate().
However, and every other post missed this, the answer to "Is it possible to have a Calculated DAX column that uses the previous rows calculated value as an input? " is NO. This is a recursive question. DAX cannot do recursion.
The reason why is simple: when the engine is compiling your calculated columns the smallest atomic unit in the DAX engine is a column - not a cell, like Excel. DAX cannot calculate the first cell in a column, then the next, then the next etc because it has no concept of a cell. It calculates the entire column at once because there is nothing smaller. This is a very important concept to understand when first learning DAX.
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