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For example, Distinct count of User IDs as Users.
I *think* what you are trying to do is create a Measure of distinct users, not actually rename a column. Please correct me if I am mistaken.
You can rename columns using SQL in your query, using the edit queries button on the ribbon.
You can create a measure by right clicking on a table and "create measure" - in this case it would be:
Users = DISTINCT(COUNTA('mytable'[UserID])) or something close.
Not at work, so dont have my powerbi install to check syntax.
I don't believe that is available in the Service, you have to use Desktop to rename columns. You can do that in the query or the model.